The curse of dimensionality is not a specific geometric structure, but a collection of phenomena induced by the intrinsic properties of high-dimensional spaces.

The von Mises–Fisher distribution (vMF) distribution is often regarded as the hyperspherical analogue of the Normal distribution, as it models data concentrated around a mean direction on the unit hypersphere.

Stirling's formula finds a relationship of n!,nⁿ,eⁿ while n trends to infinity.

The Box-Muller transformation is a method to construct a random variable that follows a Gaussian distribution by using a random variable that follows a uniform distribution.

Linear congruential method is a pseudo-random number generation method that generates a random number sequence based on a deterministic mathematical algorithm.